CT-7300: Theories and Applications of Instructional Strategies

Academic Success Center (ASC). (2021). Outlining and annotating resources. Northcentral University.
These resources for writing an annotated bibliography will be helpful in completing this week's assignment.

Johnson, S. D., & Aragon, S. R. (2003). An instructional strategy framework for online learning environments. New Directions for Adult & Continuing Education, 2003(100), 31-43.
Johnson and Aragon present a conceptual framework for online courses and examples of instructional strategies that align with this framework. They suggest their framework comes from multiple learning theories. They say there are a number of issues and challenges in developing and delivering online courses, such as learner motivation, individual differences in learners, and the possibility of information overload. Some of the strategies they suggest using are graphic representations, creating virtual teams, active learning activities, personalized feedback, and reflective learning activities to address these and other issues and challenges.

Kibuku, R. N., & Ochieng, D. O. (2018, December 3). Formulating an e-learning theory [Paper presentation]. ACM International Conference Proceedings, 1-5.
Kibuku and Ochieng maintain that classical learning theories and current connectivism theory do not adequately address e-learning. They address these gaps and propose a grounded theory approach that extends connectivism to form a new e-learning theory.

Bai, H. (2019). Pedagogical practices of mobile learning in K-12 and higher education settings. TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning, 63(5), 611-620.
This article explores how mobile devices can foster meaningful learning in K-12 and shares practices in nine areas, including situated learning, game-based learning, and behaviorist learning activities.

Ross, S. M. (2020). Technology infusion in K-12 classrooms: A retrospective look at three decades of challenges and advancements in research and practice, Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(5), 2003-2020.
Ross discusses the evolution of using technology in K-12 classrooms from the late 20th century and discusses the future of using technology as an educational tool for instruction rather than a treatment. Technology as related to student achievement in K-12 is also addressed.

Picciano, A. G. (2017). Theories and frameworks for online education: Seeking an integrated model. Online Learning Journal, 21(3), 166-187.
Picciano presents a review of learning theory that has been applied to online education, including behaviorism, constructivism, and connectivism. He also discusses educational concepts of information processing, situated learning, learning styles, and community of practice that have also influenced online education. But he maintains that since no single theory has emerged for online learning, a multi-theory model should be adopted. He presents his Multimodal Model for Online Education in this article.